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S. J. Prashanth ¹, D. Suresh ², P. Sadananda Maiya ¹

Affiliations
1 Dr. P. Sadananda Maiya Centre for Food Science and Research, Jayanagara, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry and Centre for Nanoscience Research, Tumkur University, Tumkur, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Momordica cymbalaria is a well known plant species since ancient times for use in the treatment of various ailments. Recently, it is well documented that this species found to have significant anti-diabetic activity. This investigation was aimed at assessing the hydro-alcoholic extracts of various parts such as aerial parts, fruits and ischolar_mains for their antioxidant activity. Pharmacognosy studies, extraction, phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activity studies were carried out. The antioxidant activity studies were carried out by ferric ion reducing, ABTS free radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging and total antioxidant assays. Ferric ion reducing power of aerial parts extract was found to be higher compared to fruits and ischolar_main extract. However, nitric oxide scavenging activity was found be higher for fruits extract followed by aerial parts and ischolar_mains. The same trend was followed in the cases of ABTS radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity. IC₅₀ value of ABTS radical scavenging activity of fruits extract was found to 13 ?g/ml compared to the standard compound Ascorbic acid which has IC₅₀ value of 4.3 ?g/ml. The total antioxidant activity of fruits extract was found to be 95.27 mg equivalents of ascorbic acid per gram. These potential antioxidant activities of the extracts have far reaching implications in further exploring this species for further studies in this direction.

Keywords

Momordica Cymbalaria, Plant Extracts, Antioxidant, Free Radical Scavenging

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T. R. Shashidhar ¹, P. R. Dharmatti ², C. C. Angadi ³, B. N. Motagi ⁴, S. J. Prashanth ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Horticulture, National Seed Project, Seed Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad Karnataka, IN
3 Karnataka State Department of Agriculture, Dharwad Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Plant Breeding, Seed Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad Karnataka, IN
5 Dr. P. Sadananda Maiya Centre for Food Science and Research,Bengaluru Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted on medium black soil to know the effect of different herbicides on growth and yield of garlic. The experiment was conducted with BLG-1 genotype. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications having fifteen treatments each. The treatments consisted of six herbicides with two concentrations each along with two manual weeding treatments and an unweeded control. The cultural practices were practiced as per the package of practices of University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Significant differences were observed among the treatments for all the weed parameters at all the stages of observation. Among herbicides, chlorimuron @ 9 and 12 g a.i. ha-1 recorded the least population of weeds (7.39 and 8.20, respectively) and was followed by chlomazone @ 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 (9.74 and 11.84, respectively). Application of chlorimuron @ 9 and 12 g a.i.ha-1 recorded the lowest fresh weight (14.94 and 15.98 g, respectively) and dry weight (3.38 and 2.49 g, respectively) of weeds and was followed by application of chlomazone @ 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 (22.35 and 24.30 g of fresh weight and 4.56 and 5.70 g of dry weight, respectively). Yield of garlic bulbs varied significantly wherein application of Oxyfluorfen @ 0.10 g a.i. ha-1 resulted in the production of highest yield ( 37.08 q/ha) and was on par with the application of Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 (36.22 q/ha) followed by Oxyfluorfen @ 0.20 g a.i. ha-1 (32.91 q/ha) and Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 (31.31 q/ha). The lowest yield (14.79 q/ha) was recorded in the unweeded control.

Keywords

Weeds, Herbicides, Garlic

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Ravishankar M. patil ¹, V. Chikkasubbanna ², K. S. Thipaana ³, S. J. Prashanth ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Horticulture, S.A.D.H. Office (Zilla Panchayat), Chikkamagalore Karnataka, IN
2 Division of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, G. K. V. K. , Bengaluru Karnataka
3 P.G. Centre of Horticulture (U.H.S., Bagalkot) G.K.V.K. Campus, Bengaluru Karnataka, IN
4 Dr. P. Sadananda Maiya Centre for Food Science and Research, Bengaluru Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Rose apple is one of the underutilized minor fruit crop. Research was carried out to develop RTS by blending rose apple and jamun in three different proportions of 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 (rose apple : jamun). Nectar containing 10 per cent blended juice (50: 50 % juice of rose apple and jamun, respectively), 20 per cent TSS and 0.5 per cent acidity was found to be more acceptable with good organoleptic scores. Various physico chemical parameters were studied during the three months of storage where TSS content, total sugars and reducing sugar had increasing trend whereas ascorbic acid and non-reducing sugar had decreasing trend. Decrease in acidity was in corresponding increase in pH. The product was free from spoilage during the storage period.

Keywords

Physico-chemical Character, Sensory Quality, Storage Behaviour, Rose Apple, Jamun

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S. J. Prashanth ¹, D. Suresh ², V. H. Potty ¹, P. Sadananda Maiya ¹

Affiliations
1 Dr. P. Sadananda Maiya Centre for Food Science and Research, Benguluru (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Extraction of fruits, aerial parts and ischolar_mains from Artocarpus gomezianus were subjected for pharmacognostic analysis. Also these parts were subjected tohydro-alcohol (30:70) extraction by soxhlet extraction technique. The raw materials were dried and powdered and analyzed for various parameters. The moisture content was found to be in the range of 4.97 per cent to 11.09 per cent, extractive values - 14.92 per cent to 18.75 per cent, chloroform solubility 1.15 per cent to 6.99 per cent and water solubility ranged between 4.52 per cent to 5.77 per cent. Fluorescence analysis and ash values were also determined. Extraction yields with 30:70 solvents indicate the quantitative idea about some of the proximate components. The results are important in planning the extraction, phytochemical analysis and determination of their various beneficial biological activities. The study was undertaken to evaluate qualitatively for the contents of carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, Phytosterols, Triterpenoids, oils and fats present in the extracts from the Fruit, Aerial parts and Roots of Artocarpus gomezianus. The extracts when tested qualitatively for various phytochemicals, they found to contain carbohydrates, Glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, phytosterols and Triterpinoids. However, they do not contain saponins, oils and fats. Quantitative estimation of extracts for total phenols and total flavonoids reveals that most parts contain reasonably higher amounts. The results clearly demonstrate that the extracts can be considered for further studies which evaluate the biological activity such as antioxidant activities. Antioxidant assays such as Nitric oxide scavenging assay, Ferric ion reducing activity assay, ABTS free radical scavenging activity assay and total antioxidant assays were performed to ascertain the potency of the extracts. Fruit extract of Artocarpus gomezianus was found to have maximum ferric ion reducing property than other parts studied. Nitric oxide scavenging activity was found to be higher in fruit followed by aerial and ischolar_main parts. ABTS radical scavenging activity of aerial part extract is found to be 5 mg/ml compared to the standard ascorbic acid with 4 mg/ml. The total antioxidant activity was found to be significantly high for the extract from fruit part than the extracts from aerial and ischolar_main parts. It is clear from the studies that the extracts of aerial parts, fruits and ischolar_mains possess potentially beneficial antioxidant activities. In view of their use in ancient medicine coupled with the recent understandings of these plant species, they may be considered for further exploration as they may yield very potent nutraceuticals.

Keywords

Artocarpus gomezianus, Plant Extracts, Antioxidant, Free Radical Scavenging.

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S. J. Prashanth ¹, D. Suresh ², V. H. Potty ¹, P. Sadananda Maiya ¹

Affiliations
1 Dr. P. Sadananda Maiya Centre for Food Science and Research, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Natural products are well known to exhibit the antiproliferative and hepatoprotective activities. The present study aimed at assessing the potency of hydroalcoholic extracts of fruits, aerial parts and ischolar_mains of Momordica cymbalaria. Antiproiferative activity of the extracts assessed using in vitro cell lines such as MCF-7, HepG2, HeLa, PC3, A549 and Vero cell lines. The ability of extracts to exert toxic insult on cancer cells has been the basis of anticancer activity. The extracts were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity by employing primary rat hepatocytes.In the case of HeLa cells, MCR was found to be most potentially toxic with average CTC₅₀ of 67 μg/ ml. MCR possesses more toxicity to PC3 cells than the others. Potential toxicity towards Vero cell lines was exhibited by MCR with average CTC₅₀ value of 63 μg/ml. The results clearly demonstrate that the extract MCR exert potential anticancer activity. In vitro hepatoprotective activity of the plant extracts was studied by employing primary rat hepatocytes. Our results indicate that the drug Silymarin was found to exhibit 96 per cent protection against Paracetamol induced toxicity in Hep G2 cells at the tested concentration of 250 μg/ml. Among the parts of Momordica cymbalaria, MCA and MCR found to have slightly lesser activity compared to Sylimarin. In paracetamol induced toxicity of primary rat hepatocytes, the drug Silymarin was found to exhibit 85.28 per cent protection against Paracetamol induced toxicity in Primary rat hepatocytes at the tested concentration of 250 μg/ml. MCA was found to exhibit comparatively similar protective power than silymarin.

Keywords

Momordica cymbalaria, Antiproliferative, Hepatoprotective, Hydroalcoholic Extract.

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S. J. Prashanth ¹, D. Suresh ², V. H. Potty ¹, P. Sadananda Maiya ¹

Affiliations
1 Dr. P. Sadananda Maiya Centre for Food Science and Research, Jayanagara, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Natural products are very well known to exhibit anticancer activities. The present study aimed at assessing the potency of various extracts of Garcinia xanthochymus against cancer using in vitro cell lines. MCF 7, HepG2, HeLa, PC3, A549 and Vero cell lines were employed for the assessment. The ability of extracts to exert toxic insult on cancer cells has been the basis of anticancer activity. GxF was fond to be very potentially toxic (80 mg/ml) to HEP G2 cell lines among all the tested extracts. Also, it was found to be the most toxic compared to GxA and GxF whose average CTC₅₀ was found to be 180 and 118 mg/ml, respectively. Among all the tested extracts, GxF was found to be potentially toxic to the MCF 7 cell lines whose CTC₅₀ was found to be73 mg/ml. GxA possesses the CTC₅₀ of 810 mg/ ml. GxR was found to be toxic with average CTC₅₀ of 303 mg/ml. This was followed by GxF and GxA with average CTC₅₀ values of 303 and 456 mg/ml. In vitro hepatoprotective activity of the plant extracts was studied by employing primary rat hepatocytes. The drug silymarin was found to exhibit 85.28 per cent protection against paracetamol induced toxicity in primary rat hepatocytes at the tested concentration of 250 mg/ml. It was found that GxF and GxR were found to have comparatively similar protective power like silymarin. These extract exhibited 83.63 per cent and 79.58 per cent protection against paracetamol induced toxicity in primary rat hepatocytes at the concentration of 200 mg/ml, respectively. GxA did not exhibit considerable activity with 55.61 per cent protection.

Keywords

Garcinia xanthochymus, In Vitro, Anticancer, Hepatoprotective, Cell Lines.

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S. K. Nataraj ¹, P. M. Gangadharappa ¹, B. S. Reddy ¹, K. B. Naik ¹, S. J. Prashanth ¹, D. P. Prakash ¹

Affiliations
1 Biotechnology Centre, P.B.-7648, Hulimavu, B.G. Road, Bangalore-560 076, IN

Abstract

A field study was conducted during rabi season of 2003-2004 to evaluate the potential of statice cultivars as cut flower crop in the field of Department of Floriculture and Landscape Gardening, K.R.C. College of Horticulture, Arabhavi. The experiment was laid out as a Randomised Block Design with four replications. The panicles of each variety were harvested when calycys of individual flower have mostly opened and showing colour. The cultivar Turbo White recorded maximum plant height (21.78 cm), panicle length (80.94 cm), stem diameter (0.61 cm), no. of leaves (186.60), maximum fresh weight of panicles (530.09 g/plant), plant spread 62.15 cm² and remained superior over others. The results are in agreement with the findings of Angadi (2000) in China aster. Maximum panicle production per plant (25.64) was recorded in cv. Turbo White, which was on par with the cultivar Turbo Carmine (22.54). The results were in line with the findings of Kumar et al. (1998) in annual statice Turbo White. The cultivar Turbo White was good in quality parameters by recording maximum panicle length, girth and number of branches per panicle. It was also vigorous in vegetative growth. Therefore, the cultivar could produce better quality panicles and found to be suitable for semi arid regions.

Keywords

Evaluation, Annual Statice, Growth, Yield, Quality.

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N. K. Sarathchandra Prakash ¹, Chandrika Mahendra ², S. J. Prashanth ³, Krishan Manral ⁴, U. V. Babu ⁵, D. V. S. Gowda ⁶

Affiliations
1 Analytical Cosmetics Division, R&D Center, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
2 Cosmetics Formulation and Development, R&D Center, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
3 Dr. P. Sadananda Maiya Centre for Food Science and Research, Jayanagar, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
4 Analytical Cosmetic Division, R&D Center, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
5 Phytochemistry Division, R&D Center, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
6 Department of Pharmaceutics, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Mysore (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Emulsions are heterogeneous systems of one liquid dispersed throughout another in the form of droplets usually exceeding 0.1 μm in diameter. Emulsions are generally categorised into single emulsions which include water-in-oil and oil-in-water and multiple emulsions including water-in-oil-in-water and oil-in- water-in-oil. Emulsions are prepared by phase inversion method, membrane emulsification method, dry gum method, and wet gum method. Continental/dry gum method or bottle/general method are most commonly employed techniques for emulsification. Membrane emulsification method which is based on principle of dispersing one immiscible phase (dispersing phase) into another phase (continuous phase) by applying pressure is used for the preparation of multiple emulsions. Emulsifier/emulgentis a substance which stabilises the emulsion by increasing the kinetic energy. Emulsifiers are generally classified based on their chemical structure into four types including synthetic, natural, finely divided solids, and auxillary agents; by mechanism of action into three categories including monomolecular films, multimolecular films, and solid particle films. There are different theories which help in understanding emulsification process which include surface tension theory, surface orientation theory, and plastic/interfacial film theory. Stability of emulsion is one of the critical parameter which is difficult to attain. The instability of emulsions is categorised into flocculation, creaming, coalescence, and breaking which were further detailed in the text.

Keywords

Emulsions, Emulsifiers, Water-In-Oil, Microemulsion.

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S. J. Prashanth ¹, D. Suresh ², V. H. Potty ¹, P. Sadananda Maiya ¹

Affiliations
1 Dr. P. Sadananda Maiya Centre for Food Science and Research, Jayanagara, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

The study aimed at assessing the potency of hydroalcoholic extracts of various parts of Artocarpus gomezianus against cancer using in vitro cell lines. MCF-7, HepG2, HeLa, PC3, A549 and Vero cell lines were employed for the assessment. The ability of extracts to exert toxic insult on cancer cells has been the basis of anticancer activity. Among the extracts from different parts of Artocarpus, AGR was found to be toxic with average CTC50 values of 110 μg/ml. With regard to A549 cell lines, AGR was found to be highly toxic with value of CTC50 273 μg/ml, respectively. The results clearly demonstrate that the extracts of selected plants exert potential anticancer activity. In vitro hepatoprotective activity of the plant extracts was studied by employing primary rat hepatocytes. Our results indicate that the drug Silymarin was found to exhibit 96% protection against Paracetamol induced toxicity in Hep G2 cells at the tested concentration of 250 mg/ml. Among the different extracts of Artocarpus gomezianus, AGF, AGR and AGA were found to have comparatively lower protective power than Silymarin. In paracetamol induced toxicity of primary rat hepatocytes, the drug Silymarin was found to exhibit 85.28% protection against Paracetamol induced toxicity in Primary rat hepatocytes at the tested concentration of 250 mg/ml. It was found that extracts of Artocarpus gomezianus, considerably lesser activity when compared to the standard silymarin. The extract of Artocarpus gomezianus may be considered for further studies as they appear to be very promising antiproliferative agents.

Keywords

Artocarpus gomezianus, Plant Extracts, Anticancer, Hepatoprotective Activity.

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S. J. Prashanth ¹, D. Suresh ², P. Sadananda Maiya ¹

Affiliations
1 Dr. P. Sadananda Maiya Centre for Food Science and Research, Jayanagara, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry and Centre for Nanoscience Research, Tumkur University, Tumkur (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

The present investigation aims to understand the Garcinia xanthochymus with regard to its extractive values, pharmacognosy studies, phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant studies. Pharmacognosy parameters such as moisture content, extractive values, fluorescence parameters, and ash values were determined. Preliminary phytochemical analysis indicates that the extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics and tannins, phytosterols and triterpenoids. Ferric ion reducing property was found to be maximum for the fruit extract where as the nitric oxide scavenging activity of all the three extracts was not very significant compared to rutin. ABTS radical scavenging activity of fruits extract was considerably high compared to the other extracts. However, the total antioxidant activity was found to be significantly high for the extract from aerial parts than the extracts from fruits and ischolar_main. It is evident from the studies that various parts of Garcinia xanthochymus contained significantly higher amounts of health beneficial phytochemicals. It is also clear that the extract of aerial parts, fruits and ischolar_mains possessed potentially beneficial antioxidant activities. In view of its use in ancient medicine coupled with the recent understandings of the Garcinia xanthochymus the plant may be considered for further exploration as very potent nutraceutical.

Keywords

Garcinia xanthochymus, Plant Extracts, Antioxidant, Free Radical Scavenging.

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S. Mohan Kumar ¹, S. J. Prashanth ², H. R. Manu Kumar ³, Shailaja Hittalamani ⁴, M. Udaya Kumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology and Crop Improvement, College of Horticulture (U.H.S.Campus), G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
2 College of Horticulture (U.H.S. Campus), G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
3 College of Horticulture, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada (Karnataka), IN
4 University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Crop productivity is very much dependent on the biomass and its partition to economic parts in the plant system. In the present study, 150 recombinant lines were characterized for variability in total biomass. The mapping population was classified on the basis of biomass as low and high biomass types. Except SLA, other biometric traits varied significantly. Assessment of contribution of physiological traits other than the canopy cover that determine the variability in biomass is best done when genotypes with similar leaf area but differing in biomass are compared. All the traits varied significantly between low and high biomass types. To know the interrelationship among traits that contribute to the total biomass of the plant was also ascertained through correlation studies. A positive correlation was observed between various ischolar_main, shoot associated traits and the total biomass but ischolar_main to shoot ratio showed a negative relationship with biomass. Apart from ischolar_main and shoot dry weight, a strong positive correlation was observed between the leaf area and the biomass suggesting that the photosynthetic surface area contributes significantly to the biomass production.

Keywords

Biomass, Finger Millet, Mapping Population.

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S. Mohan Kumar ¹, H. R. Manu Kumar ², S. J. Prashanth ³, Shailaja Hittalamani ⁴, M. Udaya Kumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology and Crop Improvement, College of Horticulture (U.H.S. Campus), G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
2 College of Horticulture, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada (Karnataka), IN
3 College of Horticulture (U.H.S. Campus), G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
4 University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to characterize finger millet recombinant inbred lines (RILs) for drought tolerance. A set of 150 RILs with two parents IE 2912 and IE 2885 used were used to characterize for drought tolerance traits such as total leaf area, ischolar_main length, ischolar_main volume, moisture retention capacity (MRC) and SPAD chlorophyll reading (SCMR). Parent line IE 2912 was superior to IE 2885 for all the traits and both parents differed significantly for all traits except MRC and SCMR. In mapping population, ischolar_main traits, leaf traits, showed traits showed normal distribution around the mean and showed continuous variation indicating their quantitative nature. Since identified parental lines and mapping population developed are differing significantly they can be utilized in identifying markers linked to drought traits.

Keywords

Finger Miller, RIL, Drought Tolerance, SCMR.

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